Pequenas Empresas: Energia limpa para manter competitividade

Reportagem do jornal Folha de S. Paulo mostra que mais da metade das micro e pequenas empresas no Brasil pretendem investir em fontes renováveis …

A energia solar fotovoltaica é o sonho de consumo das micro e pequenas empresas no Brasil: 60% pretendem investir em fontes renováveis e 47,5% veem nos sistemas fotovoltaicos a melhor alternativa para gerar energia limpa.

Os dados fazem parte de pesquisa realizada pelo Centro Sebrae de Sustentabilidade, em parceria com a Fundação Seade e Absolar, associação que representa o setor no país.

O levantamento, divulgado no final de agosto, ouviu 3.199 micro e pequenas empresas de todo o Brasil.

Ainda é baixa a penetração da energia solar nos pequenos negócios: 0,1% das empresas instalaram sistemas de geração fotovoltaica e, entre elas, 83,9% reduziram os gastos com a conta de luz. Embora o número seja pequeno, a pesquisa aponta o crescimento dessa tendência.

O Brasil já superou alguns entraves regulatórios e tecnológicos em relação ao uso da fonte. A geração distribuída, que permite conectar os sistemas fotovoltaicos à rede elétrica e gerar créditos, ampliou o acesso: hoje são 93,5 mil sistemas conectados.

A queda nos custos dos equipamentos é outro fator que determina a expansão. Entre 2010 e 2019, essa redução foi da ordem de 85%, o que tornou também mais rápida a recuperação do investimento, de até oito anos no início da década para quatro a seis anos atualmente. Isso torna a alternativa viável, face ao aumento das tarifas de energia elétrica, que já chega a 11% em 2019.

A conta de luz é o segundo maior custo das pequenas empresas, atrás apenas da folha de pagamento. “As tarifas altas minam a competitividade das pequenas empresas”, diz Suênia Souza, gerente do Centro Sebrae de Sustentabilidade.

A empresária Alice Okumura, sócia do restaurante Sítio 17, em Santos (SP), diz ter pesadelos com a conta de luz nos meses de verão. O uso intensivo de ar condicionado e o reforço na refrigeração fazem a conta chegar a R$ 12 mil em dezembro e janeiro. No inverno, não ultrapassa os R$ 3.000.

Alice passou a usar energia solar no restaurante, mesmo sem ter instalado seus próprios painéis. Isso é possível graças à tecnologia de startups que oferecem o serviço de venda de créditos de energia.

Além da economia, há o aspecto ambiental, segundo fator de decisão para 20,3% dos empresários ouvidos pela pesquisa do Sebrae.

A editora Oficina de Textos, especializada em livros técnicos e científicos, investiu na instalação de painéis solares após uma reforma que tornou a sede na Vila Mariana, zona sul de São Paulo, mais sustentável.

Foram instaladas oito placas fotovoltaicas, com espaço para duplicação. A reforma também instalou sistema de captação de água da chuva e duplicou o número de janelas do imóvel para aproveitar ao máximo a luz e a ventilação naturais.

Os painéis fotovoltaicos, com potência de 2,04 KWh, foram conectados à rede em 2017 e hoje suprem até 15% da energia da empresa.

Segundo Shoshana Signer, fundadora da Oficina de Textos, a motivação foi tornar a sede da editora coerente com os livros que são publicados, nas áreas de engenharia civil, arquitetura e ambiente.

A instalação foi feita com recursos da própria empresa. “Os painéis têm manutenção fácil e são uma solução lógica para um país tropical ensolarado”, diz Shoshana.

A maioria das pequenas empresas (51,3%) instala painéis com recursos próprios, segundo o Sebrae, mas tem crescido a procura por empréstimos na área. A cooperativa de crédito Sicredi financia equipamentos de geração solar desde 2015, mas viu a busca por financiamentos disparar em 2019.

Nos últimos 12 meses, a Sicredi financiou R$ 543 milhões em operações em todo o país. “É um volume quase cinco vezes maior em relação ao ano anterior”, diz Elenilton Souza, gerente de crédito comercial PJ do Sicredi.

Segundo ele, desse total de recursos, R$ 301 milhões foram liberados para micro, pequenas e médias empresas. As contratações têm ticket médio de R$ 79 mil e prazo médio de cinco anos.

Fonte: Folha de S. Paulo

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